By her late preteens, Franklin was regularly singing solo numbers in her father's New Bethel Baptist Church. C.L. (né Clarence LaVaughn) Franklin), Aretha's father, was a respected local preacher. She grew up with local and national celebrities hanging out at her father's home including gospel greats Albertina Walker and her group The Caravans, Mahalia Jackson and Clara Ward, three women who played a pivotal role in her vocal development as a child.
She released her first single for Columbia in September 1960, aged 18. It reached No. 10 on Billboard's R&B chart. Her first album was released in January 1961. The label had her record mainly jazz-influenced pop music, hoping for success with this format as the label had with Billie Holiday. Columbia founder John H. Hammond later admitted in an interview years later that he felt Columbia did not really understand Franklin's background in gospel and failed to bring that aspect out in her secular recordings. After scoring two more top ten R&B hits with "Operation Heartbreak" and "Won't Be Long" in 1961, Franklin scored her first top 40 pop hit with her rendition of "Rock-A-Bye Your Baby With a Dixie Melody". However later releases failed to find similar success, although Franklin had a near-Top 50 hit with "Runnin' Out of Fools" (1963).
After the release of a tribute album to Dinah Washington, Columbia drifted away from their early jazz dreams for Franklin and had the singer record renditions of girl group-oriented hits including "The Shoop Shoop Song (It's In His Kiss)", "Every Little Bit Hurts" and "Mockingbird" but every attempt to bring her success with the material failed. However, she had garnered fame for being a multi-talented vocalist and musician. During a show in 1965, the master of ceremonies gave Franklin a tiara crown declaring her "the queen of soul". The title would prove to be prophetic. By 1966, struggling with recording for Columbia, Franklin decided not to sign a new contract with the label and settled with a deal with Atlantic. After she gained success in Atlantic, Columbia would release material from Franklin's prior recordings with the label which continued until 1969.
Franklin began recording her first songs for Atlantic in early 1967.
Her second single with Atlantic would also be her biggest, most acclaimed work. "Respect", originally recorded and written by R&B singer Otis Redding, would become a bigger hit after Franklin's gospel-fueled rendition of the song. The song also started a pattern of Franklin in later songs during this period producing a call and response vocal with Franklin usually backed up by her sisters Erma and Carolyn Franklin or The Sweet Inspirations. Franklin is credited with arranging the background vocals and ad-libbing the line, "r-e-s-p-e-c-t, find out what it means to me/take care of TCB", while her sisters shouted afterwards, "sock it to me". Franklin's version peaked at number one on the Billboard Hot 100, becoming a sixties anthem. Franklin had three more top ten hits in 1967 – "Baby I Love You", "(You Make Me Feel Like) A Natural Woman" and "Chain of Fools". "Respect" later won Franklin her first two Grammys. She eventually won eight consecutive Grammys under the Best Female R&B Vocal Performance category.
By the end of the year, Franklin not only became a superstar but she stood as one of the symbols of the civil rights movement partially due to her rendition of "Respect", which had a feminist-powered theme after Franklin recorded it. Franklin's other hits during the late sixties included "Think", her rendition of Dionne Warwick's "I Say a Little Prayer", "Ain't No Way" and "The House That Jack Built" among others. By the end of the sixties, Franklin's title as "the queen of soul" became permanent in the eyes of the media. After a few struggles in 1969, she returned with the ballad, "Call Me" in January 1970. That same year she had another hit with her gospel version of Ben E. King's "Don't Play That Song", while in 1971, Franklin was one of the first black performers to headline Fillmore West[9] where she later released a live album. That same year she released the acclaimed Young, Gifted & Black album, which featured two top ten hits, the ballad "Daydreamin'" and the funk-oriented "Rocksteady". In 1972, she released her first gospel album in nearly two decades with Amazing Grace. The album eventually became her biggest-selling release ever, selling over two million copies and becoming the best-selling gospel album of all time.
She briefly returned to the top 40 in 1976 with the Curtis Mayfield production, Sparkle, which spawned the number-one R&B hit, "Giving Him Something He Can Feel". Despite this, Franklin struggled to find success with subsequent releases. After the release of 1979's La Diva, an attempt for Franklin to find a disco audience that flopped, selling less than 50,000 copies, Franklin's contract with Atlantic expired. Neither Atlantic nor Aretha had any interest in renewing it. While she was performing in Las Vegas on June 10, 1979, Franklin's father, C.L., was shot during an attempted robbery at his LaSalle Street home in Detroit. The incident left C.L. in a coma for the next five years. Aretha moved back to the Detroit area in late 1982 from Los Angeles (where she had lived since 1976) to help care for her father.
In 1980, Franklin among other prominent rhythm and blues and soul artists including Ray Charles and James Brown appeared on the film, The Blues Brothers. Franklin appeared as the wife of musician Matt "Guitar" Murphy, who engages in a brief war of words with Dan Aykroyd and John Belushi before going into "Think". Following that performance, Clive Davis signed Franklin to his Arista Records imprint. The singles "United Together" and the George Benson-featured "Love All the Hurt Away" returned Franklin to the R&B top ten while 1982's Jump to It, featuring a contemporary R&B production style by Luther Vandross, became a comeback of sorts for Franklin on the pop music chart. The album stayed at No. 1 on the R&B Albums chart for seven weeks and crossed to No. 23 on the Billboard 200 album chart, selling over 600,000 units and becoming Aretha's first gold-certified album since the Sparkle soundtrack. The title track became Franklin's first number-one R&B hit in five years while also hitting No. 24 on the Hot 100. After the relative failure of her 1983 follow-up, Get It Right, also produced by Vandross, Franklin took some personal time off.
The album released in July 1985, Who's Zoomin' Who?, featured R&B, pop, dance, synthpop and rock elements and became Franklin's first platinum-certified success. The album launched several major hits including the title track and the Motown-inspired "Freeway of Love". The rock-influenced Annie Lennox duet, "Sisters Are Doin' It for Themselves" also became a hit for Franklin on the pop charts though it failed to climb higher than No.66 on the R&B chart due to its more pop rock-leaning sound. Music Videos for each of the singles became prominent fixtures on MTV, BET and VH-1 among other video channels. In 1986, Franklin released her self-titled follow-up to Who's Zoomin' Who. The album sold almost a million copies, and featured the number-one hit, "I Knew You Were Waiting for Me", a duet with George Michael. In April 1987, the song became Franklin's first single since "Respect" to hit No. 1 on the Hot 100.
Other hits from the album included a cover of "Jumpin' Jack Flash" and another Motown-inspired hit, "Jimmy Lee". In 1987 she returned to her gospel roots with the album, One Lord, One Faith, One Baptism, which failed to repeat the success of Amazing Grace despite a powerful rendition of "Oh Happy Day", featuring Mavis Staples, but did reach the Top 10 of Billboard's gospel chart. In 1986, she sang the theme song ("Together") for the ABC television network.
In 1989, Franklin returned with her first pop album in three years with Through the Storm but despite scoring a Top 20 hit with the title track featuring Elton John and the presence of Whitney Houston in their duet single, "It Isn't, It Wasn't, It Ain't Ever Gonna Be", the album tanked, as did a follow-up, 1991's new jack swing effort, What You See Is What You Sweat. After singing Donny Hathaway's "Someday We'll All Be Free" on the Malcolm X soundtrack in 1992 and singing at then-President Bill Clinton's inauguration ceremony in 1993, Franklin returned to favor with pop audiences later in 1993 with the release of the dance single, "Deeper Love", which was featured on the soundtrack of Sister Act 2: Back in the Habit. The following year, Franklin issued her Arista hits album and with Babyface released two hit singles, "Honey" and the top 40 pop ballad "Willing to Forgive". In 1995, her song "It Hurts Like Hell" appeared on the soundtrack for the movie Waiting to Exhale. Four years passed until Franklin released another album. 1998's A Rose Is Still a Rose reintroduced Franklin to a new R&B audience and featured elements of neo soul and hip hop soul with production from Lauryn Hill, Jermaine Dupri and Sean "Puffy" Combs. The title track, written and produced by Hill, became Franklin's biggest hit in years reaching number 26 on the Hot 100 and reaching the R&B top five.
In 2003, after 23 years with Arista, Franklin parted with the company and decided to go on the independent route, forming Aretha's Records two years later. Franklin released a duets compilation album, Jewels in the Crown: All-Star Duets with the Queen, in 2007. The album featured the Fantasia duet, "Put You Up on Game", which despite becoming a modest hit on Urban AC radio, stalled at No. 41 on the R&B charts. A year later, Franklin issued her first holiday album, This Christmas, Aretha. After initially being released as a Borders exclusive, it was later released by the DMI label.
In 2008, Franklin was honored as MusiCares "Person of the Year", two days prior to the 50th Annual Grammy Awards, where she was awarded her 18th career Grammy. Franklin was personally asked by then newly-elected President Barack Obama to perform at his inauguration singing "My Country 'tis of Thee". The memorable hat she wore at the ceremony was donated to the Smithsonian Institution. In 2010, Franklin received an honorary music degree from Yale University.
In 2010 and through early 2011, Franklin had told the media she had selected actress Halle Berry to play her in the featured role of the legendary singer in a biopic loosely based on Franklin's memoirs, Aretha: From These Roots. In January 2011, Berry turned down the role. Franklin said she's now setting her sights on singers Fantasia and Jennifer Hudson on getting the lucrative role.
Marking her 50th anniversary in show business, Franklin released her thirty-eighth studio album, A Woman Falling Out Of Love, on May 3, 2011, through WalMart. It is the first release off Franklin's own record label, Aretha's Records, a label she formed back in the 1990s. However, Aretha's new disc peaked at a disappointing #54 on Billboard's main album chart, dropping off after only two weeks. She co-produced some of the new tracks. The first single from the album is the ballad "How Long I've Been Waiting" which failed to chart. Ronald Isley will be featured in the album doing the Barbra Streisand standard, "The Way We Were", as he and Franklin covered the Carole King classic, "You've Got a Friend", first issued on Isley's Mr. I album.
In September 2011, Tony Bennett will be releasing a duet with Franklin entitled "How Do You Keep The Music Playing" off of his forthcoming album, Duets II (Tony Bennett album).
Aretha Franklin es una cantante de soul, R&B y gospel. Nació el 25 de marzo de 1942 en Memphis (Tennessee). Apodada como "Lady Soul" o "Queen of soul" (La Dama del Soul o La Reina del Soul), es para algunos una de las artistas más influyentes en la música contemporánea. A mediados de los años 60 se consolidó como estrella femenina del soul, algo que usó en favor de los derechos raciales en Estados Unidos, siendo un elemento influyente dentro del movimiento racial y de la liberación femenina. Ha influido a decenas de artistas, como Tina Turner, Whitney Houston, Anastacia, Mariah Carey, Janis Joplin, Natalie Cole, Christina Aguilera, Alicia Keys, Aaron Neville, Annie Lennox, Andy Nelson Ibáñez.,Marilina Bertoldi,Mateo Blanco, etc.
Las raíces gospel de Franklin son una de las huellas más personales e influyentes en su carrera. Con sus hermanas Carolyn Franklin y Erma Franklin (ambas mantuvieron también carreras en solitario) cantaba en la Iglesia Bautista de Detroit (First Baptiste Church), que estaba regentada por su padre, C.L. Franklin, un predicador baptista, apodado "La voz del millón de dólares" y uno de los principales confidentes del líder Martin Luther King. Aretha pasó toda su infancia dentro de este ambiente gospel y rodeada de voces del jazz como Dinah Washington y Ella Fitzgerald. Con tan solo 14 años hizo su primera grabación para el sello JVB/Battle Records, luego reeditado por Checker, The gospel soul of Aretha Franklin, en el que se podían oír composiciones gospel con un potente sonido soul, lleno de melodías a piano, instrumento que dominaba desde su infancia. En 1960, viajó hasta Nueva York para tomar clases de técnica vocal y danza. En este tiempo, empezó a grabar demos para enviar a las discográficas.
Cuando Aretha abandonó Columbia para fichar por la compañía discográfica Atlantic, el productor Jerry Wexler se propuso sacarle todo el soul que llevaba dentro. El primer single que grabó dentro de Atlantic fue "I never loved a man the way I love you", para lo que contaron con el acompañamiento de The Muscle Shoals, en Alabama, a pesar de que la sesión de grabación del tema se tuvo que finalizar en Nueva York. Este tema ha sido avalado por muchos críticos como una de las grandes canciones del soul, y la revista Rolling Stone escribió: "Franklin ha grabado su versión de la maravilla soul, un lamento sobre qué-mal-me-has-tratado, con los The Muscle Shoals, unos chicos blancos de Alabama". El single irrumpió en todas las radios, pero aún lo harían con mucha más fuerza "Respect" -versión de un single que Otis Redding había grabado en 1965- con el cual Aretha se consagraba definitivamente. La canción se grabó en los estudios de Atlantic, en Nueva York, el 14 de febrero de 1967. A la versión original de Redding se le añadió un puente y un solo de saxo, de la mano de King Curtis; también se le añadieron los cambios de acordes del tema "When something is wrong with my baby", de Sam & Dave.
En 1968 lanzó Lady soul, con el que volvería a conocer el éxito masivo. El disco contenía éxitos de la música soul como "Chain of fools", "A natural woman" o "Ain't no way". También había colaboraciones de Eric Clapton en el tema "Good to me as I am to you", temas de Ray Charles "Come back baby", James Brown "Money won't change you" y el clásico de Curtis Mayfield "People get ready". En el álbum, colaboraban en los coros de The Sweet Inspirations, compuesto por Doris Troy, Dionne Warwick, su hermana Dee Dee Warwick y la prima de ambas Cissy Houston (madre de Whitney Houston). Seis meses después, se lanzó Aretha now, que continuaba una cadena de éxitos con "Think" y el popular tema de Burt Bacharach "I say a little prayer", y que con anterioridad había interpretado Dionne Warwick. En 1969, el álbum Soul'69 cerraba la década con el éxito de los singles "River's invitation" y "Bring it on home to me".
A finales de la década de los 60 y principios de los 70, Aretha empezó a hacer versiones de temas rock, pop y soul que ya habían sido grandes éxitos; entre ellos, temas de The Beatles como "Let it be" o "Eleanor Rigby", de Simon & Garfunkel, como su versión tan famosa como la original de "Bridge over troubled water"; o artistas soul como Sam Cooke o The Drifters. A principios de los 70, el éxito de Aretha continuaba sin decaer, siendo ya una artista totalmente consagrada dentro del panorama musical internacional.
En 1972, llegó el primer álbum totalmente gospel de su carrera, grabado en directo junto a The Southern California Community Choir y James Cleveland. De este disco son famosas su versiones gospel de "You've got a friend", "Wholy Holy" de Marvin Gaye, "How I got Over" de Clara Ward o la tradicional "Precious memories".
En el año 1977, lanzó dos álbumes que tuvieron un modesto éxito, siendo bastante fugaces: "Satisfaction" y "Sweet passion" (de este último destaca el single "Break It to Me Gently"). En esta época de escasos éxitos para la cantante, en 1978 se juntó de nuevo con Curtis Mayfield, quien escribió "I needed baby" dentro del álbum "Almighty Fire". Aretha cerró la década con un álbum que llevaba por nombre aquello que en cierta manera le había hecho caer "La diva" (1979), en el cual se incluían temas escritos por la propia Aretha como "Ladies Only", "Only star", "I was made for you" o "Honey I need your love", de los que ninguno consiguió éxito. Este declive musical se debía sobre todo a la producción de sus álbumes, a la mala promoción y al poco empeño por parte de Atlantic en la carrera de Aretha; por lo que, en 1979, decidió abandonar la compañía para firmar con Arista y el productor Clive Davis.
El 25 de octubre de 1980 comienza una nueva etapa para Aretha Franklin; ese día, se lanza su primer álbum en Arista: "Aretha". El álbum fue producido por Clive Davis y Chuck Jackson, y la promoción fue muy amplia, ya que ella era la primera artista importante que esta discográfica llevaba. Hay versiones, al igual que hizo años antes, pero esta vez con un sonido bastante más pop, y totalmente acorde con los 80; entre estas versiones, están "What a Fool Believes", de The Doobie Brothers y "I Can't Turn You Loose" Otis Redding. El mayor hit extraído del disco fue el tema "United together".
En 1985, aretha vino con un álbum mucho más pop, "Who's Zoomin' Who?". Puesto que la carrera de Luther Vandross por este tiempo tomaba sus propias riendas como solista, el trabajo de composición que realizó en los dos últimos álbumes, en este lo hacía Narada Michael Walden. Este álbum fue hasta el momento el más laureado de Aretha en la compañía. Contiene algunos de los hits más fuertes de la década, como el reivindicativo "Sisters are doin' it for themselves" junto a Eurythmics. Otros tres singles tuvieron gran impacto en el público: "Freeway of love", "Another night" y "Who's zommin' who?". Por el tema "Freeway of love consiguió ganar dos Grammy. En 1986 se editó otro álbum titulado "Aretha", pero ésta vez con un ambiente mucho más rockero, visible además en su aspecto. Cosechó dos grandes hits con este disco: la canción "Jumpin' Jack Flash" producida por Keith Richards y perteneciente a la banda sonora del mismo nombre; y el dúo junto a George Michael "I Knew You Were Waiting (For Me)". Otros temas con bastante menos repercusión fueron "Jimmy Lee" y el dúo junto a Larry Graham "If You Need My Love Tonight". Quince años después de la grabación de "Amazing grace", en 1987 lanzó "One Lord, One Faith, One Baptism", el segundo álbum íntegramente gospel de su carrera. En él colaboran Erma Franklin, Carolyn Franklin, Mavis Staples, C.L. Franklin, Joe Ligon, Jesse Jackson y Jasper Williams.
Desde la edición de su anterior álbum, Aretha tardó mucho en ir de nuevo al estudio a grabar, pero en ese tiempo tuvo una intensa actividad sobre los escenarios estadounidenses. En 1993 y en 1997 cantó en las ceremonias de apertura del gobierno de Bill Clinton; y en 1995 recibiría un Grammy por toda su carrera. En 1998 demostró que era una de las estrellas de la música de nuestro siglo en el espectáculo de VH1, Divas Live, donde actuó con algunas de las artistas que habían roto las listas de ventas en la última década como Mariah Carey, Céline Dion o Shania Twain. "The Queen of Soul", con tan sólo dos actuaciones se convirtió en la estrella de la gala, rindiendo al público a sus pies.
A finales de los '90, Aretha se había trasladado de forma definitiva a Detroit, y hablaba de comenzar a formar una discográfica propia. Uno de los principales motivos de esto era el promover las carreras musicales de sus hijos; Kecalf Cunningham, Eddy Richards y Teddy Richards.
En 1998 lanzó "A rose is still a rose", producido por P. Diddy y Lauryn Hill; siendo el primer álbum de Aretha dentro del R&B contemporáneo y el neo soul, con tendencias hip-hop.
En 2003 volvió con "So damn happy", colaborando con Mary J. Blige y con un sonido totalmente neo soul que en cierta forma volvía a sus raíces. Desde entonces está embarcada en el tour "The Queen Is On", que la lleva por todo Estados Unidos con gran éxito.
En 2008 ha sido elegida como personaje Musicales del año en el 50 Aniversario de los Premios Grammy, en los cuales ha conseguido su vigésimo galardón gracias al dueto con Mary J. Blige, "You never gonna change my faith". También durante 2008 ha grabado el tema promocional de una empresa privada titulado "Stand up yourself", el cual al mismo tiempo sirve como adelanto para el álbum que prepara.
El martes 20 de enero de 2009 se presentó en el acto de asunción al mando del presidente de los EE.UU., Barack Obama, para cantar el tema "My Country This of Thee".
Está divorciada dos veces, y es madre de cuatro hijos. Dos de ellos, Kecalf y Teddy, son personajes activos dentro del mundo de la música. Teddy es el director artístico y de la banda de músicos de Aretha en sus giras, además de tocar la guitarra eléctrica. Desde 1962 hasta 1969 estuvo casada con Teddy White. En 1978 se casó con el actor Glynn Turman, del que se divorciaría en 1984. Actualmente disfruta de su vida en un noviazgo con Willie Wilkerson.
Aretha Franklin, fue operada a primeros de diciembre de 2010, de un supuesto cáncer de páncreas que, en realidad, resultó ser un dolor punzante en su costado. La artista ha desmentido los rumores sobre un supuesto avanzado cáncer pancreático. Tras la operación, la artista perdió (85 libras) ~40kg, por lo que ahora se encuentra en perfectas condiciones de salud, dado el sobrepeso que acarreaba con ella desde la trágica muerte de sus hermanos Cecil Franklin y Erma Franklin a finales de los noventa y principios de los dos mil.
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